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George, a professional hacker, targeted a bank employee and tried to crack his password while he was attempting to log on to the remote server to perform his regular banking operations. In thisprocess, George used sniffing tools to capture the password pairwise master key (PMK) associated with the handshake authentication process. Then, using the PMK, he gained unauthorized access to the server to perform malicious activities. Identify the encryption technology on which George performed password cracking.

Messy, a network defender, was hired to secure an organization's internal network. He deployed an IDS in which the detection process depends on observing and comparing the observed events with the normal behavior and then detecting any deviation from it. Identify the type of IDS employed by Messy in the above scenario.

Clark, a security team member of an organization, was instructed to secure the premises from unauthorized entries. In this process, Clark implemented security controls that allow employees to enter the office only after scanning their badges or fingerprints. Which of the following security controls has Clark implemented in the above scenario?

Jamie wants to send a confidential file to her friend Alice. For this purpose, they installed an application for securely sharing the file. The application employs an encryption algorithm that usesthe same shared secret key for encryption and decryption of data. Identify the type of cryptography employed by the application used by Alice and Jamie for file sharing.

Which of the following algorithms uses a sponge construction where message blocks are XORed into the initial bits of the state that the algorithm then invertible permutes?