Question 1

What is an important difference between the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in relation to their roles and functions?

Options :

A : ECHR can rule on issues concerning privacy as a fundamental right, while the CJEU cannot.

B : CJEU can force national governments to implement and honor EU law, while the ECHR cannot.

C : CJEU can hear appeals on human rights decisions made by national courts, while the ECHR cannot.

D : ECHR can enforce human rights laws against governments that fail to implement them, while the CJEU cannot.

Answer: B

Question 2

Through a combination of hardware failure and human error, the decryption key for a bank’s customer account transaction database has been lost. An investigation has determined that this was not the result of hacking or malfeasance, simply an unfortunate combination of circumstances. Which of the following accurately indicates the nature of this incident?

Options :

A : A data breach has not occurred because the loss was not the result of hacking.

B : A data breach has not occurred because no data was exposed to any unauthorized individual.

C :

A data breach has occurred because the loss of the key has resulted in the data no longer being accessible.

D :

A data breach has occurred because the loss of the key has resulted in the loss of confidentiality or integrity of the data.

Answer: D

Question 3

SCENARIO

Please use the following to answer the next question: You have just been hired by a toy manufacturer based in Hong Kong. The company sells a broad range of dolls, action figures and plush toys that can be found internationally in a wide variety of retail stores. Although the manufacturer has no offices outside Hong Kong and in fact does not employ any staff outside Hong Kong, it has entered into a number of local distribution contracts. The toys produced by the company can be found in all popular toy stores throughout Europe, the United States and Asia. A large portion of the company's revenue is due to international sales.

The company now wishes to launch a new range of connected toys, ones that can talk and interact with children. The CEO of the company is touting these toys as the next big thing, due to the increased possibilities offered: The figures can answer children's questions on various subjects, such as mathematical calculations or the weather. Each figure is equipped with a microphone and speaker and can connect to any smartphone or tablet via Bluetooth. Any mobile device within a 10-meter radius can connect to the toys via Bluetooth as well. The figures can also be associated with other figures (from the same manufacturer) and interact with each other for an enhanced play experience.

When a child asks the toy a question, the request is sent to the cloud for analysis, and the answer is generated on cloud servers and sent back to the figure. The answer is given through the figure's integrated speakers, making it appear as though that the toy is actually responding to the child's question. The packaging of the toy does not provide technical details on how this works, nor does it mention that this feature requires an internet connection. The necessary data processing for this has been outsourced to a data center located in South Africa. However, your company has not yet revised its consumer-facing privacy policy to indicate this.

In parallel, the company is planning to introduce a new range of game systems through which consumers can play the characters they acquire in the course of playing the game. The system will come bundled with a portal that includes a Near-Field Communications (NFC) reader. This device will read an RFID tag in the action figure, making the figure come to life onscreen. Each character has its own stock features and abilities, but it is also possible to earn additional ones by accomplishing game goals. The only information stored in the tag relates to the figures' abilities. It is easy to switch characters during the game, and it is possible to bring the figure to locations outside of the home and have the character's abilities remain intact.

What presents the BIGGEST potential privacy issue with the company's practices?

Options :

A : The NFC portal can read any data stored in the action figures

B : The information about the data processing involved has not been specified

C : The cloud service provider is in a country that has not been deemed adequate

D : The RFID tag in the action figures has the potential for misuse because of the toy-s evolving capabilities

Answer: B

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT recognized as being a common characteristic of cloud-computing services?

Options :

A : The service-s infrastructure is shared among the supplier-s customers and can be located in a number of countries.

B : The supplier determines the location, security measures, and service standards applicable to the processing.

C : The supplier allows customer data to be transferred around the infrastructure according to capacity.

D : The supplier assumes the vendor-s business risk associated with data processed by the supplier.

Answer: D

Question 5

The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) recommends measures to supplement transfer tools, in order to ensure compliance with the European Union (EU) level of personal data protection. According to these recommendations, what additional actions should be taken when a transfer to a third country is based upon an adequacy decision?

Options :

A : Adopt a supplementary data transfer mechanism.

B : Monitor the ongoing validity of the data transfer mechanism.

C : Adopt technical, contractual or organizational supplementary measures.

D : Monitor changes in the law or practice of the third country that would tower the level of protection of personal data

Answer: D

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