Question 1

A data engineer needs to use AWS Step Functions to design an orchestration workflow. The workflow must parallel process a large collection of data files and apply a specific transformation to each file. Which Step Functions state should the data engineer use to meet these requirements?

Options :

A : Parallel state

B : Choice state

C : Map state

D : Wait state

Answer: C

Question 2

A data engineer at a financial analysis firm is responsible for enriching their AWS-based data lake with external financial datasets. The firm requires regular updates of stock market data and economic indicators from various data providers, which should be integrated seamlessly into their Amazon S3-based data lake for further processing and analysis.

Which AWS service should the data engineer use to automate the ingestion of these external financial datasets into their data lake with minimal effort?

Options :

A : Implement an AWS Glue crawler to extract data from external data sources and load it into the data lake.

B : Configure Amazon AppFlow to create flows between the data providers and S3, syncing the financial datasets to the data lake.

C : Set up a recurring AWS Lambda function to retrieve and upload data from third-party APIs to their S3 data lake.

D : Use AWS Data Exchange to subscribe to relevant financial datasets and directly import them into their S3 data lake.

Answer: D

Question 3

A Data Engineering Team at a financial services company is developing a data API to serve real-time, user-specific transactional data from an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database to their mobile banking application.

The data is highly dynamic, with frequent reads and writes. The API must offer low latency and high availability, and be capable of scaling automatically to handle peak loads during business hours.

Given these requirements, which architecture should the team implement?

Options :

A : Set up an Amazon ECS cluster with Fargate to host a custom-built REST API, connected to the RDS instance. Implement an in-memory caching layer within the API application to cache common queries and reduce direct calls to the database.

B : Use Amazon API Gateway integrated with AWS AppSync, which directly connects to the RDS for PostgreSQL database. Leverage the GraphQL capabilities of AppSync for efficient, tailored queries.

C : Employ Amazon API Gateway with an AWS Step Functions state machine to orchestrate Lambda functions for different query types, reducing the load on RDS by distributing the processing. Use Amazon DynamoDB to cache frequently accessed data.

D : Configure Amazon API Gateway with a serverless AWS Lambda function. The Lambda function should use efficient connection management strategies when accessing the RDS instance. Utilize Amazon ElastiCache to cache frequent queries and reduce database load.

Answer: D

Question 4

A Data Engineering Team at an e-commerce company needs to regularly purge customer data from an Amazon RDS instance to comply with privacy regulations. The data to be deleted is determined based on a set of complex business rules which involve query results from multiple tables.

Additionally, the team must ensure that the deletion process is logged for audit purposes and that the database's performance is not significantly impacted during peak business hours.

Which approach should the team take to meet these requirements most effectively?

Options :

A : Implement an AWS Lambda function that is triggered daily during off-peak hours. The Lambda function executes the deletion commands based on the business rules and writes the deletion logs to Amazon CloudWatch. Use Amazon RDS Read Replicas to ensure the main database-s performance is not affected.

B : Schedule an AWS Data Pipeline job to extract the relevant records to an Amazon S3 bucket, where another job will delete the records. Use Amazon CloudTrail to log all operations. Amazon RDS-s performance is managed by AWS Data Pipeline-s resource allocation.

C : Create an Amazon RDS Event Subscription to notify an AWS Lambda function when it-s time to delete data. The Lambda function processes the deletion in batches to minimize the performance impact and logs actions to a dedicated Amazon DynamoDB table for auditing.

D : Develop a custom script that runs on an Amazon EC2 instance to perform the deletions during off-peak hours. The script logs all operations in Amazon S3 and uses RDS-s native functionality to manage database load during execution.

Answer: A

Question 5

A global enterprise is using Amazon RDS for its production environment. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) mandates a solution to ensure the ability to perform security analysis and audit database activity, including tracking which user performed which action on the database. The company requires that the solution should also track API calls made to the Amazon RDS service, even if they do not directly modify the database.

Which AWS service should the company use to meet these requirements?

Options :

A : Use AWS Config to record and evaluate the configurations of your RDS resources and track changes to the environment.

B : Implement Amazon RDS Performance Insights to gather data on database load and filter it by SQL statement, wait event, user, and host.

C : Enable Amazon RDS Enhanced Monitoring to monitor database engine-specific metrics, which can be used for auditing purposes.

D : Activate AWS CloudTrail to log, continuously monitor, and retain account activity related to actions made on the Amazon RDS service.

Answer: D

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