Question 1

Consider the following Ruby code snippet that incorporates the use of refinements:

module StringAdjustments refine String do def emphasize "#{self}!" end endend class Writer using StringAdjustments def emphasize_statement(statement) statement.emphasize endend writer = Writer.newexternal_statement = "Hello".emphasize result1 = writer.emphasize_statement("Hello")result2 = external_statement What will be the values of result1 and result2, respectively?

Options :

A : NoMethodError, "Hello!"

B : NoMethodError, NoMethodError

C : "Hello!", NoMethodError

D : "Hello!", "Hello!"

Answer: C

Question 2

Examine the following Ruby code snippet that utilizes refinements:

module LengthConversion refine String do def to_meters self.to_f / 3.281 end endend class MeasurementConverter using LengthConversion def convert_to_meters(length_in_feet) length_in_feet.to_meters endend converter = MeasurementConverter.newoutside_conversion = "10".to_meters result1 = converter.convert_to_meters("10")result2 = outside_conversion What will be the values of result1 and result2, respectively?

Options :

A : NoMethodError, NoMethodError

B : Approximately 3.048, Approximately 3.048

C : Approximately 3.048, NoMethodError

D : NoMethodError, Approximately 3.048

Answer: C

Question 3

In Ruby, the understanding of operators and their precedence is crucial for writing correct and efficient code. Consider the following Ruby code snippet:

a = 10b = 3result1 = a + b * 2result2 = (a + b) % 3result3 = a ** b / 2 Based on this code, which two of the following statements are true regarding the use of operators and their precedence?

Options :

A : result2 calculates the remainder of a + b divided by 3 due to the % operator.

B : result2 equals 1 because parentheses change the order of operations, prioritizing addition over modulo.

C : result1 equals 16 because addition (+) has a higher precedence than multiplication (*).

D : result3 results in 50 because division (/) has a higher precedence than exponentiation (**).

E : In result1, the multiplication (*) is performed before addition (+) due to operator precedence.

Answer: A,E

Question 4

Evaluate the following Ruby code snippet that involves the forwardable and date modules:

require 'forwardable'require 'date' class Project extend Forwardable def_delegators :@deadline, :month, :day attr_accessor :name attr_reader :deadline def initialize(name, deadline) @name = name @deadline = Date.parse(deadline) endend project = Project.new("Ruby Exam Prep", "2024-06-30")result1 = project.monthresult2 = project.dayproject.deadline = Date.parse("2024-07-15")result3 = project.month What will be the values of result1, result2, and result3, respectively?

Options :

A : 6, 30, 7

B : June, 30, 7

C : June, 30, July

D : 6, 30, 6

Answer: A

Question 5

Analyze the following Ruby code snippet in the context of class design and instance variable management:

class Book

attr_reader :title, :author

@@total_books = 0

def self.total_books

@@total_books

end

def initialize(title, author)

@title = title

@author = author

@@total_books += 1

end

class Library

attr_reader :books

def initialize

@books = []

end

def add_book(book)

@books << book

end

def total_books_in_library

@books.size

end

library = Library.new

library.add_book(Book.new("1984", "George Orwell"))

library.add_book(Book.new("To Kill a Mockingbird", "Harper Lee"))

result1 = Library.total_books

result2 = library.total_books_in_library

What will be the values of result1 and result2, respectively?

Options :

A : undefined method 'total_books' for Library:Class, undefined method 'total_books_in_library' for Library:Class

B : 2, undefined method 'total_books_in_library' for Library:Class

C : undefined method 'total_books' for Library:Class, 2

D : 2, 2

Answer: C

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