Question 1

In Ruby, the use of blocks is a fundamental concept for iterating over collections and executing code repeatedly. Examine the following Ruby code snippet:

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]sum = 0numbers.each { |number| sum += number }doubled = numbers.map { |number| number * 2 } Based on this code, which two of the following statements are true regarding the use and functionality of blocks?

Options :

A : The each block creates a new array with each number in numbers incremented by 1.

B : Both each and map blocks modify the original numbers array.

C : The each block increments sum by each number in the numbers array, resulting in the sum of all elements.

D : The map block modifies the original numbers array to contain each number doubled.

E : The map block returns a new array with each number in numbers doubled, leaving the original array unchanged.

Answer: C,E

Question 2

In Ruby, understanding non-local exits such as break, next, and return within the context of blocks and methods is crucial for controlling the flow of a program. Consider the following Ruby code snippet:

def test_method [1, 2, 3].each do |i| return i if i == 2 end "No match"end result = test_method Based on this code, which two of the following statements are true regarding non-local exits in Ruby?

Options :

A : The return keyword in the block causes an exit from the each loop and returns 2 from the test_method.

B : The return keyword in the block causes the entire program to exit, assigning nil to result.

C : The result variable will be assigned the string "No match" because the each loop completes its iteration.

D : If i equals 2, the each loop is exited and the test_method returns "No match".

E : The return keyword inside the block exits the block and continues execution with the next line after the each loop.

Answer: A,E

Question 3

Examine the following Ruby code snippet:

a = 2

b = 3

c = '4'

result1 = a * b

result2 = a * c

result3 = c * b

result4 = c + a

Options :

A : 6, TypeError, '444', TypeError

B : 6, '24', '444', TypeError

C : 6, '6', '444', TypeError

D : 6, TypeError, TypeError, TypeError

Answer: B

Question 4

In Ruby, which of the following literals correctly creates a Hash object with default values for undefined keys?

Options :

A : hash = { default: [] }

B : hash = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }

C : hash = Hash[:default, 0]

D : hash = {}.default(0)

Answer: B

Question 5

Review the following Ruby code snippet:

def divide_numbers(x, y) x / yrescue ZeroDivisionError => e puts "Error: #{e.message}"end result1 = divide_numbers(10, 2)result2 = divide_numbers(10, 0)result3 = begin divide_numbers(10, '5') rescue TypeError => e "Caught: #{e.class}" endresult4 = divide_numbers(10, nil) rescue "Invalid operation" What will be the values of result1, result2, result3, and result4, respectively?

Options :

A : 5, nil, Caught: TypeError, Invalid operation

B : 5, Error: divided by 0, TypeError, TypeError

C : 5, ZeroDivisionError, Caught: TypeError, Invalid operation

D : 5, Error: divided by 0, Caught: TypeError, Invalid operation

Answer: D

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